Ecology & Safety, Volume 15, 2021

Abstract: The greenhouse effect and the consequent changes in weather conditions lead to extreme climate change. In this study we will present a summary of studies, regarding precipitation and how it affects the precipitation of greenhouse gases in the soil, agricultural production, ecological footprint and urban heat island (UHI). The greenhouse effect and the corresponding changes in weather conditions have led to extreme climate change. The theoretical framework of this paper includes a summary of studies regarding rainfall and how it affects the precipitation of greenhouse gases in the soil, agricultural production, ecological footprint and the urban heat island (UHI). The aim of this paper is to highlight how bio-capacity interacts with population and respectively, ecological footprint with GDP, in the 28 countries of the European Union. In addition, the change of Gini index in each country was examined in order to draw useful conclusions about its influence on the aforementioned factors and in particular on GDP and population by taking into account three decades with a base year of 1997. Specifically, data were collected and analyzed for each decade i.e. taking values for years 1997, 2007 and 2017 before the final conclusions were drawn. The paper attempts to show how Gini index has changed over the years in EU countries, compared to changes in GDP and population of each country.